A REVIEW OF THE NIGERIA PETROLEUM AND THE INSIGHT IN OIL POLLUTION MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL

Since the mid-nineteenth century, petroleum has been the world’s primary energy source, and it has played a critical role in the economy and effective home management. The petroleum goods and allied services are required for daily use and as a medium of exchange. It exists as a liquid, gaseous, or solid combination of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. It’s derived from crude oil, and distillation processes turned into valuable petroleum products to meet human needs. Therefore, Petroleum-based fossil fuels account for 80% of our climate changes as an induced environmental pollutant because petroleum is the necessity of all nations. This environmental impact is a global issue in both industrialised and developing countries. Increased demand for petroleum products has benefited people’s economies and created more job opportunities. However, its production techniques are unsustainable due to increased air pollution, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion, and global warming consequences. In addition, it posed a threat to both plant and animal species and environmental degradation, particularly in areas where technical knowledge is limited. Although petroleum is known for its negative consequences, the possibility of its total elimination is unrealistic because of its absolute global dependability. Hence the Niger Delta inadequacies in spillage management increase the susceptibility of the total environment. Also, the ecosystem suffers when there is no implemented framework for its control measure. This review article would enhance understanding of the current practices and suggest possible techniques for maximising environmental sustainability and limiting susceptibility and viability.