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ANALYSE DE L’EFFICIENCE AGRONOMIQUE DE DOSES STANDARDS D’ENGRAIS MINÉRAUX UTILISÉS EN FERTILISATION DU COTONNIER AU NORD DE LA COTE D’IVOIRE

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Author: 
Jean-Baptiste Gnélié Gnahoua, *Zonlehoua Coulibali, Marie Luce Mâ Semba Ouattara, Loua Barthélémy Diomandé, Koffi Serge Kouamé, Yadé René Soro
Country: 
Côte d’Ivoire
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 05, Issue 10, October 2023
Page No: 
5288-5291
Abstract: 

En Côte d’Ivoire, le cotonnier représente la troisième culture d’exportation après le cacao et le café, avec une production de 580 000 tonnes. Dans les zones de production, les pratiques culturales sont caractérisées par l’utilisation de variétés améliorées et l’application standard d’engrais minéral (200 kg NPK, 50 kg urée ha-1). L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’Efficience Agronomique des doses standard d’engrais minéral appliquées par les agriculteurs. L’expérimentation a été conduite suivant un dispositif en Blocs de Fisher, comprenant 5 traitements et 3 répétitions. Les doses appliquées étaient 200 kg NPK ha-1 + (0, 25, 50, 75, 100) kg urée ha-1. Les variables mesurées étaient le poids moyen des capsules et le rendement en coton graine. Les résultats ont montré des rendements élevés pour les fortes doses d’urée (75, 100 kg ha-1) comparativement à la dose recommandée (50 kg urée ha-1) et au témoin sans apport d’urée. L’Efficience Agronomique a été plus élevée pour la dose recommandée de 50 kg urée ha-1 et faible pour les doses plus élevées (75 et 100 kg ha-1). Ce résultat explique que la dose recommandée d’urée (50 kg ha-1) constitue une alternative économiquement viable même si elle ne maximise pas le rendement de la culture. L’Efficience Agronomique de l’engrais minéral pourrait être améliorée par une Gestion Intégrée de la Fertilité des Sols combinant l’usage de variétés améliorées, l’application de matières organiques et un apport modéré d’engrais minéraux.

KeyWords: 
Recommandation standard; Engrais minéral; Efficience Agronomique; Culture du cotonnier; Côte d’Ivoire.