ANGIOGRAPHIC STUDY IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME : A SINGLE - CENTER EXPERIENCE

Background: Etiology and risk factors of the acute coronary syndrome(ACS) in young patients were analyzed in this study. Coronary angiography findings and interventions were discussed. Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients aged 45 or below defined as young patients. They presented with ACS at Chitwan Medical College- Teaching Hospital and underwent coronary angiogram (CAG) from August 2019 till August 2022. Demographic profiling and results of coronary angiogram to define etiology, risk factors and the extent and severity of disease were recorded. Results: A total of 112 patients below the age of 45 who underwent CAG for ACS were studied. Approximately three-fourth of the patients (85, 75.9%) were males. STEMI was the frequent-most type of ACS (84.8%). Smoking was the most prevalent traditional risk factor (34.8%). LAD was the frequent most vessel involved (66.1%), followed by RCA (50.0%). A majority of the patients (67, 59.8%) had SVD. Family history of CAD was found to be significantly associated with Multivessel disease (38.6%), compared to patients with SVD (9%). Diabetes mellitus and HTN were found to be more prevalent in patients with Multivessel disease, but were not significantly different from SVD group. Conclusion: Smoking is the most important risk factor in young groups contributing to ACS. LAD was the most commonly involved coronary artery. The single-vessel disease is predominantly involved. Patients with family history of CAD are more likely to get MVD. Other etiology or risk factors contributing to ACS in young patients were male genders and genetic predominance. ACS if not treated timely can contribute to mortality too.