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COMPORTEMENT HYDROLOGIQUE DES BASSINS VERSANTS AMÉNAGÉS EN TERRASSES AGRICOLES : EXEMPLE DU BASSIN VERSANT KHAT-KHATABAH : RÉGION D’EL MAJARDAH ET SES ABORDS

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Author: 
*Azaiez Naima, Zoghlami Karima, Baazaoui Narjes and Qhtani Nawal
Country: 
Saudi Arabia
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 04, Issue 05, May 2022
Page No: 
2736-2745
Abstract: 

La mise en œuvre des terrasses agricoles dans la région d’Assir avait pour intérêt la mobilisation de l’eau. Ce fait est prouvé par la localisation de plus de 90% des terrasses le long des cours d’eau et des plaines alluviales. Elles ont envahi les versants abritant un petit manteau du sol pour permettre de pratiquer une agriculture artisanale adaptée aux conditions spécifiques et locales du milieu physique. La persistance des conditions de sécheresse et la prédominance des pluies intenses ont fait exposer ces anciennes terrasses agricoles à des pluies agressives dont l’effet est devenu impactant avec l’expansion du tissu résidentiel aux dépens de ces terrasses agricoles. Ces édifices hydro agricoles qui ont fait l’essor de la région, se trouvent actuellement dans une situation de menace qui se traduit par un véritable changement d’occupation du sol, qui a largement affecté la réponse hydrologique des sous bassins versants correspondants. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent une hausse de 87% du coefficient de ruissellement entre 1985 et 2020. Dans ce contexte, on peut noter que la part des terres ayant une très forte aptitude pour provoquer une réponse hydrologique rapide a augmenté de 50% dans l’ensemble des bassins versants drainant la région d’El Majardah et ses abords.

KeyWords: 
Coefficient de ruissellent, débit de pointe, lame d’eau ruisselée, terrasses agricoles ancestrales.