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CONSERVATION POST-RECOLTE DES SEMENCES CEREALIERES DANS LA ZONE SOUDANOSAHÉLIENNE DU CAMEROUN

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Author: 
* A Fatoumata, B Wang-Bara, H Sadou, A Goudoum, G Sobda, P. D Sakatai, D Haicha, P. B Waga Mana, H Ahmed
Country: 
Cameroun
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 05, Issue 06, June 2023
Page No: 
4672-4679
Abstract: 

Une étude visant à appréhender les différentes méthodes de stockage et conservation des semences de céréale a été menée dans la localité de Gazawa, région de l’Extrême-Nord/Cameroun. L’objectif de l’étude a été déterminer les savoirs locaux de conservation des céréales par les paysans dans le but de préserver la diversité du matériel végétal de production et promouvoir une gestion intégrée durable des ressources phyto-génétiques. Sur la base d’une enquête méthodologique et questionnaire basé sur un échantillon cible de cinquante individus, il résulte qu’au total 6 variétés de maïs (CMS-9015, CMS-8806, CMS- 8501, CMS-8704, TZEE-W et EVDT) et 6 variétés de sorgho (CS-54, CS-61, CS-95, Damougari, S-35 et Zouaye) sont vulgarisés, maintenues. Les variétés EVDT de maïs et CS-95, CS-61, Damougari du sorgho sont conservées ex-situ dans des chambres froides ou des fermes agricoles. Les techniques déshydratation optimale, l’entretien des entrepôts appliqués et les structures de conservation permettent de maintenir la qualité des semences et la diversité variétale en leur sein. L’unique variété de riz recensée a été la Nerica 3 et 25 collections de mil pennicilaire venant du Nord et l’Extrême-Nord du Cameroun, de l’ICRISAT et l’INERA sont en cours de vulgarisation. Les variétés locales Sectaire (22,85%), Dadoudou (11,42%), Farigawa, Salié, Viri de 8,57%, le maïs local blanc (5,71%) et le Panar (2,85%) sont les plus appréciées et cultivées par les paysans pour leurs propriétés organoleptiques, leurs valeurs nutritives et leur productivité. Les semences locales des paysans sont conservées avec les épis renfermés dans les spathes, les panicules recouvertes de la poudre des glumes accrochés à l’air libre dans des hangars.

KeyWords: 
Conservation, Semences, Céréales, Extrême-nord.