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ETUDE DE L’INFLUENCE DE DEUX PHYTOHORMONES SUR LA PRODUCTION D’ALCALOÏDES INVITROCHEZBALANITES AEGYPTIACA DEL.

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Author: 
Bougoudogo Koumba, *Konaré Mamadou A, Togola Issiaka, Diarra Nouhoum
Country: 
Mali
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 03, Issue 06, June 2021
Page No: 
1399-1402
Abstract: 

Cette étude avait pour but d’évaluer la production d’alcaloïdes in vitro chez Balanites aegyptiaca Del. sous l’influence de deux phytohormones : l’Acide 3 Indole Acétique (AIA) et la 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). Les graines, pré-germinées dans les boites de pétri, sont transférées dans des flacons contenant du milieu de culture liquide Murashige et Skoog (MS) enrichi de ces deux phytohormones à une concentration de 1,5 mg/L. Les teneurs en alcaloïdes ont été évaluées dans le milieu MS et au niveau des feuilles et racines des plants par la méthode gravimétrique. L’analyse des alcaloïdes a été réalisée par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM).L’analyse des extraits alcaloïdiques par CCM a montré que l’apport de phytohormones (AIA/BAP) stimule la production d’alcaloïdes au niveau des feuilles dès la première semaine de culture. Les résultats obtenus montrent une production d’alcaloïdes plus importante en moyenne au niveau des feuilles (1,4%) qu’au niveau des racines (1,17%). D’une manière générale, les teneurs en alcaloïdes des feuilles et des racines issues du milieu supplémenté de phytohormones sont plus importantes que celles obtenues avec les témoins (p-value < 0,05). Ces résultats indiquent aussi que les plants de Balanites aegyptiaca exsudent des alcaloïdes dans le milieu de culture liquide aussi bien chez les témoins que chez les plants cultivés sur milieu enrichi de phytohormones. Cette étude a montré par ailleurs qu’il est possible de produire, par culture in vitro, des alcaloïdes avec cette espèce. Cette potentialité pourrait être mise à profit pour mieux valoriser cette espèce médicinale très prisée au Mali.

KeyWords: 
Phytohormones, Alcaloïdes, Balanites aegyptiaca, culture in vitro