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EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE URBAN AGRICULTURAL TERRACES SYSTEM THROUGH THE ISOTOPIC TRACERS OF CESIUM 137 AT THE LEVEL OF THE AL ARIN – GRAIGUER MEANDER: MIDDLE COURSE OF THE WADI ABHA (SOUTHWESTERN SAUDI ARABIA)

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Author: 
*Azaiez Naima
Country: 
Tunisia
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 03, Issue 07, July 2021
Page No: 
1464-1474
Abstract: 

Les terrasses agricoles dans la région d’Assir constituent un système d’exploitation agricole très répandu et un élément patrimonial clé de la région. Elles ont connu une profonde évolution paysagère, mais souvent produite en harmonie avec leur environnement et la préservation des bonnes pratiques paysannes. L’essor de ces banquettes, qui remonte à plusieurs siècles, indique un savoir-faire ancestral et une bonne compréhension du bilan sédimentaire entre les différents niveaux des banquettes sculptées en cascade de part et d’autre des lits des cours d’eau à écoulement intermittent. Ces pratiques agricoles sont perpétuées jusqu’à nos jours de génération en génération et sont transmises de père en fils dans le cadre d’une agriculture vivrière de subsistance. C’est de cette manière que la productivité a été maintenue et même améliorée en qualité et en quantité. Toutefois, il faut signaler que les avantages et la stabilité l’emportent sur les risques de dégradation de terres dans les vallées aménagées, mais on ne sait pas à quelle mesure. En revanche, toutes les recherches récentes insistent sur le fait de la dégradation de plus en plus prégnante, notamment des terres arables sur les versants d’Assir comme étant un phénomène généralisé qui a accompagné les changements socioéconomiques et la détérioration des conditions édaphique et climatique à l’échelle régionale. Pour démontrer l’efficacité des banquettes agricoles en termes d’engraissement du sol ou de sa dégradation sur des versants très pentus, on a choisi d’appliquer une démarche basée sur le suivi de marqueurs isotopiques du Césium 137 capables de donner un complément essential d’information sur le mode de déplacement de sédiments et le rythme d'acheminement des particules du sol le long du transect situé à l’intérieur du méandre convexe de la berge nord de l’oued Abha. La zone d’étude se situe entre El Arine et Graiguer, juste avant 100 m de sa confluence avec l’affluent de l’oued Jouhane venant du quartier El Mensek. L’inventaire des radionucléides de Césium 137, qui n'est pas considéré comme exhaustif, a montré une activité qui varie entre 3826 bq/m-2 et 239 bq/m-2. Il convient toutefois de mentionner la grande disparité de l’activité du Césium 137 même à une échelle très restreinte de quelques dizaines de mètres (123 m du long sur 64 m de large pour l’ensemble des cinq terrasses). Ce constat révèle une dynamique hydro-sédimentaire très remarquable, mais qui semble être influencée par certains processus internes qui caractérisent le mode de fonctionnement du système des terrasses agricoles plus que les conditions climatiques, surtout les quantités pluviométriques et la déflation éolienne.

KeyWords: 
Accumulation, Terrasses agricoles urbaines, Cours moyen de l’oued Abha, dégradation, méandre Al Arin–Graiguer, traceurs isotopiques du Césium 137.