Pour remédier à la malnutrition protéino-énergétique, les populations rurales font recours à certaines plantes alimentaires (légumes feuilles) utilisées comme condiment dans la préparation des sauces afin d’équilibrer leur alimentation. Cependant, les vertus nutritionnelles et la composition chimique de ces produits locaux ne sont pas bien connues. Ainsi, le but de ce travail était de déterminer les valeurs nutritives et la composition phytochimique des feuilles ou rameaux feuillés de quinze plantes utilisées dans la préparation des sauces au Mali. Un screening phytochimique a été réalisé et les teneurs en protéines, lipides, éléments minéraux et énergie brute ont été déterminées. Les résultats ont montré que ces légumes feuilles sont assez riches en nutriments et métabolites secondaires. Les feuilles de Corchorus tridens étaient les plus riches en énergie avec 4143 Kcal/100g suivies de celles de Arachys hypogaea avec 3469 Kcal/100g. Les plus grandes teneurs en calcium (1,8 mg/g) et en potassium (1,9 mg/g) ont été enregistrées au niveau des feuilles de Solanum aethiopicum. Les feuilles de Portulaca oleracea ont montré la teneur la plus élevée en matières grasses (5,8 %) et celles de Brassica napus, les plus riches en protéines (20,4 %). De nombreux métabolites secondaires tels que les alcaloïdes, les flavonoïdes, les polyphénols et saponosides ont été mis en évidence dans tous les échantillons. Ces résultats pourraient justifier l’utilisation culinaire de ces plantes alimentaires et montrent à suffisance qu’elles constituent de sources potentielles de nutriments indispensables à l’équilibre alimentaire et sanitaire.
POTENTIEL NUTRITIONNEL ET COMPOSITION PHYTOCHIMIQUE DE QUINZE PLANTES ALIMENTAIRES SAUVAGES UTILISÉES COMME LÉGUMES FEUILLES AU MALI
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Country:
Mali
Volume & Issue:
Volume 02, Issue 10 October 2020
Page No:
459-463
Abstract: