DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE CONFERRING GENES (SHV, CTX-M) IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES OBTAINED FROM SOME COMMUNITY HOSPITALS IN AMASSOMA, NIGER DELTA AREA, NIGERIA

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health challenge in the clinical setting and the huge indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents has been a major contributing factor; this promotes the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistant organisms. This work was carried out between January and October 2019 to determine the presence of resistance conferring genes (SHV and CTX-M) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples. Two hundred (200) samples wound swab (65), ear swab (75) and mid-stream urine (65)] collected were analyzed, characterized and identified using microbiological standard techniques. Pure Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using disc diffusion method by Kirby-Bauer and molecular analysis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to reveal the Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) (SHV and CTX-M). The total number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated were eighty 80 (40%) from all the two hundred samples, 20(25%) mid-stream urine, 36(45%) wound swab and 24(30%) from ear swab. Gentamicin (100%) was the most potent antibiotic followed by Streptomycin (95%), Ofloxacin (86.25%), Pefloxacin (82.5%), Ciprofloxacin (75%), Ceftazidime (61.25%), and the least was Nalidixic acid (12.5%), Co-trimoxazole (2.5%) but resistant to Augmentin (100%) and Ampicillin (100%). A total of twelve (12) Multi Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates subjected to molecular analysis revealed the presence of ESBLs resistant genes; SHV in 11(91.6%) and CTX-M 4(33.3%). Observation showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more prevalent in the wound (45%), followed by ear (30%) and the least was in the urine (25%) samples. Based on these findings, Gentamicin and Streptomycin are recommended for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in hospitals.