Submission is open for November 2024, Call for papers Volume 06, Issue 11, November 2024, Open Access; Peer Reviewed Journal; Fast Publication. The Journal is welcoming original Research Articles, Book Reviews, Commentaries, Reviewed Articles, Technical Notes Please you can reach us if you have any queries send email to: editor@journalijisr.com

MÉTHODES ET STRATÉGIES DE CONSERVATION DES RESSOURCES PHYTOGÉNÉTIQUES DES CÉRÉALES CULTIVÉES DANS LA RÉGION DE L’EXTRÊME-NORD, CAMEROUN

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Author: 
*Adda Garoua Fatoumata, Bertrand Wang-Bara, Pierre Derik Sakatai, Goudoum Augustin, Sobda Gonne
Country: 
Cameroun
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 06, Issue 05, May 2024
Page No: 
6342-6347
Abstract: 

Les denrées céréalières font partie intégrante de la production agricole et constituent les cultures de base, indispensables à la sécurité alimentaire. Cependant, des études récentes menées dans la zone Soudano-Sahélienne sur les stratégies de gestion des semences céréalières ont révélé un réel déficit de structures et stratégies de conservation post-récolte favorisant l’altération des graines conservées soit en champ ou dans les équipements. C’est dans ce sens qu’a été initié la présente étude qui a pour objectifd’évaluer les méthodes et stratégies de conservation des paysans pour une optimisation de la faculté germinative des graines conservées in situ et ex situ. L’étude a été réalisée auprès des producteurs dans la zone Soudano-sahélienne plus précisément dans les localités de Mora, Gazawa et Moutourwa. Les enquêtes ont révélé qu’au total 03 spéculations sont cultivées dans les 3 localités à savoir : le maïs, le sorgho et le mil. Les variétés respectives de ces spéculations sont : CMS 9015, CMS 8704 et TZEE pour le maïs. Les variétés de sorgho sont S-35, Zouaye, Sectaire, Viri, Dadoudou, Adjagamari, Dalassi et Muskuwari. Deux variétés de mil sont cultivées : le mil rouge et le mil blanc. Comme stratégies et méthodes in situ on note que la conservation de ces graines se fait par le contrôle régulier des champs, la sélection des bons épis en champs, le traitement des champs contre les insectes rouges, le respect des distances d’isolement des parcelles, la récolte distincte des variétés, l’épuration des hors types dans les champs et le traitement chimique des parcelles de cultures. La conservation des graines ex situ se fait comme suit : la disposition des semences sur des placettes dans un magasin propre et traité, l’ensoleillement des produits récoltés, le conditionnement dans les sacs en polyéthylène sécurisé, la couverture des sacs de semences avec des bâches et le traitement biologique des semences par les huiles extraites des plantes.

KeyWords: 
Méthodes, Stratégies, Conservation, Céréales, Ressources phytogénétiques.