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ASPECT TOMODENSITOMÉTRIQUE DES TRAUMATISMES CRÂNIO-ENCÉPHALIQUES DE L’ENFANT AU CENTRE DIAGNOSTIC À LA CNSS DE CONAKRY

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Author: 
* BALDE TH, BALDE AA, DOUMBOUYA IS, SAKHO. A, BARRY A B, DIALLO A I, DIALLO SM, DIALLO M, NABE C, DOUMBIA A, TRAORE M, BAH O A
Country: 
Guinée
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 04, Issue 10, October 2022
Page No: 
3432-3435
Abstract: 

Introduction: les traumatismes crânio-encéphaliques de l’enfant sont fréquents et bénin dans leur grande majorité. Cependant ils représentent, un réel problème de santé publique. L’objectif de cette étude était d’étudier l’apport de la tomodensitométrie crânio-encephalique dans le bilan lésionnel des traumatismes crânio-encephaliques de l’enfant à l’unité de radiologie du CDCNSS de Conakry. Méthodologie: il s’agissait d’une étude transversale menée sur une période de six (6) mois allant du 1er octobre 2020 au 31 mars 2021 portant sur 115 cas de TCE de l’enfant au centre de diagnostic de la CNSS de Conakry. L’étude concernait tous les patients âgés de 0 à 17ans ayant bénéficié une TDM cérébrale, à la suite d’un TCE. Les examens étaient réalisés avec un scanner 16 barrettes TOSHIBA sans injection de produit de contraste. Les variables étudiées étaient : les données sociodémographiques, les circonstances de survenu du traumatisme, le score de Glasgow et les résultats tomodensitométriques. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide d’un logiciel SPSS version 21.0. Résultats: parmi les 4585 examens tomodensitométriques réalisés, 115 TDM cérébrales étaient pour TCE de l’enfant soit une prévalence de 2,5%. L’âge moyen de nos patients était 10,4 ans avec des extrêmes de 1 mois à 17 ans. On notait une prédominance masculine avec un sex-ratio de 3,26. Les accidents de la voie publique représentaient 68% des étiologies. Le TCE bénin était le plus fréquent avec 68% des cas. Le résultat du scanner était normal dans 40% des cas. Les principales lésions rencontrées au scanner étaient dominées par les lésions osseuses crâniennes (53,43%), les contusions œdémato-hemorragique (43,2%), les hématomes extra duraux (51%) et l’effet de masse (58%). Les lésions associées étaient faites de 20% de fractures maxillo-faciales et 2% de lésions du rachis cervical.Conclusion: Les traumatismes crâniens de l’enfant sont relativement fréquents en Guinée, les accidents de la voie publique en sont les plus grands pourvoyeurs cependant, les chutes occupent une place non négligeable. Le scanner cérébral est un outil performant pour le bilan lésionnel des traumatismes crânio-encephaliques.

KeyWords: 
Tomodensitométrie cérébral, TCE, enfant, CNSS, Conakry.