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DYNAMIQUE HYDROCLIMATIQUE ET SON INFLUENCE SUR LES RESSOURCES EN EAU DE SURFACE DANS LE BASSIN DU MONO AU BENIN

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Author: 
AdjihaEdid AMOUZOUNVI, Lucien AGBANDJI, *Pierre OUASSA, Expédit Wilfrid VISSIN
Country: 
Bénin
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 06, Issue 11, November 2024
Page No: 
7380-7390
Abstract: 

Les variations hydroclimatiques et les impacts sur les principales composantes environnementales constituent l’un des plus grands défis auxquels l’humanité fait face au cours du XXIème siècle. Cette recherche vise à analyser l’influence de la dynamique hydroclimatique sur les ressources en eau de surface du bassin du Mono au Bénin. L’approche méthodologique utilisé a consisté en la collecte et au traitement des données pluviométrique et hydrologique sur la période allant de 1960 à 2021. Ces différentes données après traitement à partir des méthodes des statistiques descriptives (moyenne arithmétique, indices centrés réduits, test de Pettit). L’analyse des indices pluviométriques et du bilan hydrologique a permis de mettre en évidence l’influence de la dynamique hydroclimatique sur les ressources en eau de surface. Les résultats obtenus montrent qu’entre 1960 et 2021, les hauteurs de pluies et les débits des cours d’eau ont connu des variations dans le bassin versant de de mono au Bénin. Il ressort que la période avant les années 1970 a été globalement plus humide par rapport aux décennies des années 1980 et qu’à partir des années 1990, on note une légère augmentation des hauteurs de la lame d’eau écoulée. Les manifestations des variations climatiques perçues par les populations du bassin du Mono au Bénin sont entre autres les inondations (88,63%); les poches de sécheresse (52,33%); la chaleur excessive (48,21%); le dérèglement des saisons pluvieuses avec les pluies qui surviennent de plus en plus tardivement et de façon violentes (39,88%). Les conséquences majeures de ce phénomène demeurent l’assèchement des cours et plans d’eau (65,42%), le tarissement des forages et puits traditionnels (20,32%), le débordement des cours d’eau en période de pluie (14,11%), l’attroupement aussi bien des populations que des animaux autour des points d’eau (9,88%).

KeyWords: 
bassin du Mono,risque hydroclimatique, impact, ressource en eau, manifestation.