Submission is open for November 2024, Call for papers Volume 06, Issue 11, November 2024, Open Access; Peer Reviewed Journal; Fast Publication. The Journal is welcoming original Research Articles, Book Reviews, Commentaries, Reviewed Articles, Technical Notes Please you can reach us if you have any queries send email to: editor@journalijisr.com

LE RÔLE DE LA GOUVERNANCE DANS LA PRÉVENTION ET LA LUTTE CONTRE LE BLANCHIMENT DES CAPITAUX AU SEIN DU SECTEUR BANCAIRE

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Author: 
Khadija SAID and Dounia KARIMI
Country: 
MOROCCO
Volume & Issue: 
Volume 04, Issue 09, September 2022
Page No: 
3281-3286
Abstract: 

Le blanchiment des capitaux est un délit financier dont les effets économiques peuvent menacer la stabilité du secteur financier d’un pays, ou, de manière plus générale, sa stabilité extérieure. Des dispositifs efficaces de lutte contre ce phénomène sont dès lors essentiels pour protéger l’intégrité des marchés et de la structure financière mondiale. Au cœur de la prévention et la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux, se trouvent ainsi en première ligne les banques. Elles doivent non seulement inscrire leur action dans le cadre légal et réglementaire de la prévention et la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux, mais également développer des « best practices » et politiques internes leur permettant de repérer et signaler tout crime financier. Cela représente aujourd’hui une partie significative des fonctions bancaires, et nous amène dès lors à nous interroger sur les différentes pratiques en matière de gouvernance bancaire. La gouvernance bancaire désigne l’ensemble des relations entre la direction de la banque, ses actionnaires, et toute autre partie prenante. Elle définit le cadre au sein duquel sont fixés non seulement les objectifs de la banque, mais aussi les moyens correspondants à mettre en œuvre pour réaliser ces objectifs dans le respect des contraintes règlementaires. Notre problématique sera ainsi la suivante: « Dans quelle mesure, une bonne gouvernance contribue-t-elle à la prévention et à la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux au sein du secteur bancaire? » Dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche, nous présenterons dans un premier temps le concept de la gouvernance bancaire à travers une revue de littérature. Puis, dans une seconde partie, nous analyserons comment une bonne structure de la gouvernance peut contribuer à la prévention et la lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux dans le secteur bancaire, et ce à travers une enquête sur le terrain, matérialisée par une série d’entretiens. Ces différents entretiens ont été réalisé à partir d’un guide d’entretien, conçu pour recueillir les témoignages d’une vingtaine d’analystes et chargés de conformité travaillant au sein du service de la sécurité financière dans quatre banques marocaines sises à Casablanca. Au terme de cette série d’entretiens, la totalité des personnes interrogées ont confirmé que l’application des principes de la bonne gouvernance est au cœur de leur métier.

KeyWords: 
Prévention, Lutte, Blanchiment de capitaux, Banques, Gouvernance.