A MINI REVIEW ON BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is among the major culprits of cancer-related death in women; it is complex and highly heterogeneous. Traditionally defined in terms of tissue of origin, modern classification emphasized molecular markers, such as hormone receptors and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) status, that drove the treatment approach. Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancers broadly characterize three main subtypes, with distinctly different recurrence risks, treatment responses, and survival rates. In nonmetastatic cases, curative treatment and recurrence prevention are prioritized, while metastatic cases focus on life extension and control of life-threatening symptoms. Their molecular bases unveil mechanisms such as epithelialmesenchymal transition, loss of cell adhesion, and immune evasion, which ultimately enable the metastasis of malignant cells to secondary organs like bones, liver, and lungs. This study emphasizes on causes, diagnosis methods and various treatments of breast cancer.