Submission is open for November 2024, Call for papers Volume 06, Issue 11, November 2024, Open Access; Peer Reviewed Journal; Fast Publication. The Journal is welcoming original Research Articles, Book Reviews, Commentaries, Reviewed Articles, Technical Notes Please you can reach us if you have any queries send email to: editor@journalijisr.com

December 2023

×

Error message

  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type int in element_children() (line 6609 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
  • Deprecated function: implode(): Passing glue string after array is deprecated. Swap the parameters in drupal_get_feeds() (line 394 of /home3/ijcsrd79/public_html/journalijisr.com/includes/common.inc).
*J.E. Brandenburg and Salvatore Pais
United States

The term c4/G in the Einstein equations of General Relativity is identified as a universal “Super Force” that can be understood physically as the force of gravity at the point of contact of two identical merging black holes and is proportional to the Entropic Surface Tension of a Black Hole. It...

Volume 05, Issue 12, December 2023
Page No:
5594-5595
KabiruAliyu Baraya, Elizabeth Andrew Haruna, * SaniBuba, Zumunta Danna Jonathan, Ahamad Muhammad, SaiduIdris Muhammad
Nigeria

Life of all living organisms in the environment depends on having access to clean, safe, and sufficient quality water. Since it is linked to a number of health conditions, water quality issues are complicated and varied, demanding immediate worldwide attention and action. This study assessed the...

Volume 05, Issue 12, December 2023
Page No:
5590-5593
*Oumou Amadou DIALLO, Saidou WAYA Yasmina, Mamadou Mouctar Ramata Diallo, 4Alsény Camara, Philippe MANYACKA MA NYEMB, Anne-Aurore SANKALE
Sénégal

Introduction: the nose is a median projection of the face located above the upper lip and which, by overhanging it, covers the orifice of the nasal cavity, which constitutes the upper segment of the respiratory tract and contains the organ of olfaction. The objective of this...

Volume 05, Issue 12, December 2023
Page No:
5581-5589
*Musa Adam Abdullah and AbualezAlamin Ahmed Ali
Sudan

This paper delves into the derivation of transfer functions for a MEMS Actuator System by employing Lagrange Equations. The theoretical foundations are established through an exploration of Lagrange Equations in Mechanics. The modeling of the MEMS Actuator System is comprehensively discussed,...

Volume 05, Issue 12, December 2023
Page No:
5575-5580
*Alpha Arsida BARRY, Siba SAGNO, Taliby Dos CAMARA, Mamadou Lamarana SOUARE, Oumar KEITA, Mamadou SY, Amadou SYLLA, Ibrahima DOUMBOUYA, Roger KOLAMOU, Boubacar Hawa DIALLO, Thierno Amadou SOW
Republic of Guinea

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Treponema pallidum of which humans are the natural host. Objective: carry out the voluntary screening campaign with a view to protecting the health of Mamou IST students...

Volume 05, Issue 12, December 2023
Page No:
5571-5574
* Abubaker Elgasim Elsheikh Elfaki (Elsheikh A.E), Mustafa Gabralla Ahmed Noor (M.G.Ahmed), Sawsan Omer Fadul Fadelelsid (S.O. Fadul Fadelelsid), Osameldein Muzzamel Abdalgadir Ali (Abdalgadir. O.M), Abdoelgahfar Mohammed Ateem (A.M.Ateem),
Sudan

Background: Cholera is an age-old disease caused by infection with a bacteria acquired through the fecal-oral route. It results in acute watery diarrhoea and copious vomiting which kills within few hours if the patient is not rehydrated in time, either orally or in extreme cases...

Volume 05, Issue 12, December 2023
Page No:
5567-5570