FACTORS AFFECTING COLLEGE STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE IN THE APPLICATION OF NUMERACY MODULES: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This conceptual paper explores the factors that potentially influence the performance of first-year students in the Numeracy Module at a higher education institution in Oman. Focusing on key variables such as demographic characteristics (age and gender), teaching methods and quality, academic support, the learning environment, and employment status, the paper provides a theoretical framework to understand how these elements affect student outcomes. Drawing on existing literature and theoretical models, this study aims to offer insights and propose strategies for enhancing numeracy education within the Arab educational context. The findings and recommendations will guide educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers in fostering more effective learning environments that better prepare students for academic and professional success.