BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION REDUCTION IN AGRICULTURE

Throughout the industrial revolution began, the amount of greenhouse gases in the troposphere has increased. One particularly strong greenhouse gas is nitrous oxide (N2O), with agriculture being the main source of N2O emissions. This gas has a notable effect on global warming and unquestionably plays a big role in the ozone layer's depletion. A substantial portion of these greenhouse gas emissions is caused by bacterial and fungal denitrification and nitrification processes in soils, which are mostly caused by the use of nitrogenous fertilizers. The denitrification and nitrification processes are significantly affected by factors such as temperature, oxygen levels, carbon presence, nitrogen content, and moisture levels. After reviewing many literary works, then concluded that N2O emissions may be significantly decreased with applying nitrogen (N) supply (30–40%, with peaks as high as 80%). The impacts of tillage and irrigation techniques also varied, whereas the application of extended-release fertilizers and nitrification suppressors led to reductions of up to 50%. Whereas 50% reduction was received by crop rotation schemes. Integrated nutrient management also played a role in reductions. In conclusion, the most effective and straightforward method for significant N2O reduction is increasing N supply.